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1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 91(2): 199-208, abr. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098892

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: Un 20% de los niños con síndrome febril se presenta como síndrome febril sin foco (SFSF). Las es trategias de manejo en este grupo presentan alta sensibilidad, pero baja especificidad. Objetivos: Ca racterizar las infecciones bacterianas serias (IBS) en menores de 3 meses hospitalizados por SFSF, y evaluar utilidad de parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio en la identificación de pacientes con alto riesgo de IBS. Pacientes y Método: Estudio prospectivo en pacientes < 3 meses hospitalizados entre enero 2014 y noviembre 2015 por SFSF en dos hospitales pediátricos de la Región Metropolitana. Criterios de inclusión: edad 4 días - 3 meses, fiebre > 38°C de < 72 h de evolución sin causa demostra ble. Criterios de exclusión: uso de antimicrobianos hasta 7 días previo a su ingreso, prematuros < 34 semanas, peso de nacimiento < 2 kg e inmunocomprometidos. Se registraron datos demográficos, clínicos, y exámenes de laboratorio, hemograma y PCR, diagnóstico de egreso, IBS descartada, IBS probable o confirmada. Resultados: 32% de los pacientes egresó con diagnóstico de IBS, 28% con diagnóstico de infección viral o probablemente viral, 34% con diagnóstico de SFSF no especificado y 6% SFSF por otras causas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en PCR, leucocitosis, aspecto tóxico ni horas de fiebre al ingreso al comparar los grupos con y sin IBS (p > 0,05). La combinación de parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio mostro sensibilidad de 27%, especificidad de 90%, VPP 60% y VPN 71%. Conclusión: No fue posible establecer que parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio permitan identificar menores de 3 meses con alto riesgo de IBS, manteniendo su utilidad como indicadores de bajo riesgo. Es necesario contar con otros elementos clínicos y de laboratorio que permitan discrimi nar IBS de infecciones virales.


Abstract: Introduction: In 20% of children with febrile syndrome, it appears as fever of unknown origin (FUO) syndrome. Management strategies in this group have high sensitivity but low specificity. Objectives: To cha racterize serious bacterial infections (SBI) in children younger than three months old hospitalized because of FUO syndrome and to evaluate the utility of clinical and laboratory parameters in the identification of patients that are at high risk of SBI. Patients and Method: Prospective study in patients aged < 3 months hospitalized due to FUO syndrome between January 2014 and November 2015 in two pediatric hospitals in the Metropolitan Region. Inclusion criteria: age 4 days - 3 months, fever > 38°C longer than 72 hours after onset without demonstrable cause. Exclusion criteria: anti microbial use up to 7 days before admission, preterm infants < 34 weeks, birth weight < 2 kg, and im munocompromised. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory tests data were recorded as well as blood count and CRP, discharge diagnosis, and ruled out, probable or confirmed SBI. Results: 32% of the patients were discharged with diagnosis of SBI, 28% with diagnosis of viral or probably viral infec tion, 34% with diagnosis of not specified FUO syndrome, and 6% due to other causes. There were no significant differences in the CRP value, altered WBCs count, toxic aspect, or hours of fever at the admission when comparing groups with and without SBI (p < 0.05). The combination of clinical and laboratory parameters showed 27% of sensitivity, 90% of specificity, 60% of PPV, and 71% of NPV. Conclusion: It was not possible to establish clinical and laboratory parameters that allow the identifi cation of children younger than 3 months old at high risk of SBI, however, they maintain their value as low risk indicators. It is necessary further investigation of other clinical and laboratory elements that allow discriminating SBI from viral infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Bacterial Infections/complications , Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Severity of Illness Index , Fever of Unknown Origin/etiology , Clinical Decision Rules , Hospitalization , Syndrome , Bacterial Infections/blood , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Biomarkers/blood , Logistic Models , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Risk Assessment
2.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 25(5): 374-378, oct. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-495871

ABSTRACT

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) was first introduced in 1973 as an alternative treatment. Since then, there have been numerous international case based studies including both children and adults with significant bacterial infections using this strategy. The protocol requires a careful screening and evaluation process of the patient. There must be no other motive for hospitalization other than the need for parenteral antibiotics. Objective: To describe the results of OPAT during a period of 26 months in emergency department of a Chilean pediatric public hospital. Results: During the study period 228,144 patients received medical care in the Emergency Department (ED) and 380 patients were admitted to the OPAT program after clinical evaluation and based on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of their parents. The major indications of OPAT were skin and soft tissues infections (50 percent) and pneumonia (28 percent) respectively. (ß-lactamic antibiotics the were most commonly prescribed. Thirty eight patients (10 percent) required hospitalization, mostly because of clinical deterioration. There were no deaths. Conclusión: In our public hospital OPAT for treatment of significant bacterial infections constitutes an efficient and safe alternative to hospitalization allowing the child to remain in his home.


La terapia antimicrobiana endovenosa ambulatoria (TAEA) surgió como una alternativa de tratamiento en 1973, publicándose numerosas experiencias internacionales en niños y adultos para diversas infecciones bacterianas de importancia mayor. Requiere seleccionar a cada paciente considerando que no hay otro motivo de hospitalización, salvo la administración del fármaco. Objetivo: Sistematizar la experiencia de TAEA efectuada durante 26 meses en el servicio de urgencia (SU) de un hospital pediátrico público de Chile. Resultados: De un total de 228.144 pacientes consultantes al SU en el período elegido, un total de 380 pacientes ingresaron al programa de TAEA luego de una evaluación clínica y de las condiciones socioeconómicas y culturales de sus apoderados. La principal indicación de TAEA fueron las infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos (50 por ciento), seguida de neumonía (28 por ciento), utilizándose en su mayoría ß-lactámicos solos o asociados. Diez por ciento de los pacientes requirió hospitalización, en su mayoría por deterioro de su condición clínica. Ninguno falleció. Conclusión: En nuestro medio, la TAEA es una alternativa eficiente y segura a la hospitalización, que permite tratar pacientes pediátricos con infecciones bacterianas mayores en su entorno familiar.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Ambulatory Care/statistics & numerical data , Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Age Distribution , Chile , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Public , Injections, Intravenous , Longevity , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
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